Bayesian networks :
Dynamic Bayesian Networks Representation, Inference And Learning - Kevin Patrick Murphy
Learning Bayesian Networks - Neapolitan R. E.
Computer Vision :
Computer Modeling and Simulation Techniques for Computer Vision Problems - Ming-Chin Lu
Computer Vision - Linda Shapiro
Computer Vision 2d ed - Dand h Ballard
Computer Vision A Modern Approach - Forsyth , Ponce
Computer Vision and Applications A Guide for Students and Practitioners - Bernd Jahne
Feature Extraction in Computer Vision and Image Processing - Mark S. Nixon
Fundamentals of Computer Vision - Mubarak Shah
Handbook of Computer Vision Algorithms in Image Algebra, 2nd Ed - Gerhard X. Ritter
Handbook of Computer Vision and Applications Volume 1 Sensors and Imaging - Bernd Jahne
Handbook of Computer Vision and Applications Volume 2 Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition - - Bernd Jahne
Handbook of Computer Vision and Applications Volume 3 Systems and Applications - Bernd Jahne
Handbook Of Mathematical Models In Computer Vision - Nikos Paragios
Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision 2ed - Hartley R., Zisserman A
Vision with Direction A Systematic Introduction to Image Processing and Computer Vision - Josef Bigun
Evolutionary computation :
Data Mining Using Grammar Based Genetic Programming and Applications - Wong, Cheung
Evolutionary Computation for Modeling and Optimization - Daniel Ashlock
Evolutionary computation, vol.1 basic algorithms and operators - Baeck T., Fogel D.B., Michalewicz Z
Evolutionary computation, vol.2 advanced algorithms and operators - Baeck T., Fogel D.B., Michalewicz Z
FRONTIERS OF EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION - Anil Menon
Genetic Programming An Introduction On the Automatic Evolution of Computer Programs and its Applications - Morgan Kaufmann
Genetic programming Complex adaptive systems - Koza J.R.
Genetic Programming Theory and Practice II - John Koza
The Handbook of Evolutionary Computation - Kenneth De Jong
Fuzzy systems :
FLEXIBLE NEURO-FUZZY SYSTEMS Structures, Learning and Performance Evaluation - Leszek Rutkowski
Fusion Of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems And Genetic Algorithms - Lakhmi C. Jain , N.M. Martin
Fuzzy Control Systems Design and Analysis A Linear Matrix Inequality Approach - Kazuo Tanaka, Hua O. Wang
Fuzzy Logic in Embedded Microcomputers and Control Systems - Walter Banks
Fuzzy Sets And Fuzzy Information Granulation Theory - lotfi Zadeh
FUZZY SETS AND FUZZY LOGIC Theory and Applications - GEORGE J. KLIR , BO YUAN
Fuzzy Sets And Systems Theory And Applications - Didier Dubois , Henri Prade
FUZZY SETS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO COGNITIVE AND DECISION PROCESSES - Lotfi A. Zadeh , King-Sun Fu
Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing A Computational Approach to Learning and Machine Intelligence - Jyh-Shing Roger Jang
Simulating Continuous Fuzzy Systems - James J. Buckley
Artificial Intelligence:
Advances in Applied Artificial Intelligence - John Fulcher
Advances in Artificial Intelligence – SBIA 2004 - Ana L.C. Bazzan , Sofiane Labidi
Agent-Oriented Programming - From Prolog to Guarded Definite Clauses - Matthew M. Huntbach
Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach - Stuart J. Russell , Peter Norvig
Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Behavioral and Cognitive Modeling of the Human Brain - Konar Amit
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE and SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Understanding the Promise of the Future - Derek Partridge
Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations - Bramer Max
Artificial Intelligence Strategies, Applications, and Models Through Search 2d ed - Christopher Thornton
Artificial Intelligence Through Prolog - Neil C Rowe
Artificial Intelligence Today Recent Trends and Development - Manuela Veloso
Artificial Intelligence, Structures And Strategies For Complex Problem Solving 3rd ed - George F Luger
Computational Intelligence An Introduction - Andries P. Engelbrecht
Computational Intelligence For Decision Support - Chen
Computational Intelligence In Control - Masoud Mohammadian
Computational Intelligence in Manufacturing Handbook - Jun Wang
COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICSModels, Resources, Applications - Igor A. Bolshakov , Alexander Gelbukh
Computational Web Intelligence Intelligent Technology for Web Applications - Y.-Q. Zhang
Data Mining with Computational Intelligence - Lipo Wang , Xiuju Fu
Essentials of Programming Languages 2d ed - Daniel P. FriedmanMitchell WandChristopher T. Haynes
Intelligent Information Integration for the Semantic Web - Ubbo Visser
Methods And Applications Of Artificial Intelligence - Themistoklis Panayiotopoulos
Multiagent systems a modern approach to distributed artificial intelligence - Gerhard Weiss
Practical Artificial Intelligence Programming in Java - Mark Watson
PROLOG PROGRAMMING FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - lvan Bratko
The Elements of Artificial Intelligence Using Lisp - Steven L. Tanimoto
The International Dictionary Of Artificial Intelligence - William Raynor
Intelligent Systems :
Hybrid architectures for intelligent systems - Lotfi A. Zadeh
Intelligent Communication Systems - Nobuyoshi Terashima
Intelligent Systems for Engineers and Scientists 2d ed - Adrian A. Hopgood
Intelligent Systems Fusion, Tracking, and Control - GeeWah Ng
Knowledge representation :
Knowledge representation reasoning and declarative problem solving with Answer sets - Chitta Baral
Knowledge-based systems :
Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems for Engineers - Krishnamoorthy , S. Rajeev
Building Expert Systems in Prolog - Dennis Merritt
Fuzzy Expert Systems and Fuzzy Reasoning - William Siler
The handbook of applied expert systems - Jay Liebowitz
Machine learning :
An Introduction to Support Vector Machines and Other Kernel-based Learning Methods - Nello Cristianini , John Shawe
Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques 2d ed - Morgan Kaufmann
Introduction to Machine Learning - Nils J Nilsson
Machine Learning - Tom Mitchell
Machine Learning And Its Applications - Georgios Paliouras
Machine Learning in Computer Vision - N. SEBE
Machine Learning, Game Play, and Go - David Stoutamire
Machine Learning, Neural And Statistical Classification - Michie , Spiegelhalter , Taylor
PROBLEM SOLVING WITH REINFORCEMENT LEARNING - Gavin Adrian Rummery
Reinforcement Learning An Introduction - Richard S. Sutton , Andrew G. Barto
Statistical Machine Learning For Information Retrieval - Adam Berger
Pattern recognition :
An Introduction to Pattern Recognition - Michael Alder
Evolutionary Synthesis of Pattern Recognition Systems - Bir Bhanu
Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition 2nd Ed - Keinosuke Fukunaga
Particle Swarm Optimization Methods for Pattern Recognition and Image Processing - Mahamed G. H. Omran
Pattern recognition and image preprocessing 2nd ed -Sing T. Bow
Pattern Recognition in Speech and Language Processing - WU CHOU
Pattern Recognition with Neural Networks in C++ - Abhijit S. Pandya, Robert B. Macy
Statistical Pattern Recognition 2nd Ed - Andrew R. Webb
Natural language processing :
Formal Syntax and Semantics of Programming Languages - Kenneth Slonneger
Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing - Christopher D. Manning
Natural Language Processing for Online Applications Text Retrieval,Extraction and Categorization - Peter Jackson , Isabelle Moulinier
Ontological Semantics - Sergei Nirenburg , Victor Raskin
Speech and Language Processing An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics and Speech Recognition - D
Neural networks :
An Introduction to Neural Networks - Patrick van der Smagt
Analysis And Applications Of Artificial Neural Networks - LPG Veelenturf
Artificial Neural Networks - Colin Fyfe
Artificial Neural Networks in Real-life Applications - Juan R. Rabunal
C++ Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic - Valluru B. Rao
Foundations of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems, and Knowledge Engineering - Nikola Kazabov
Fusion of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems and Genetic Algorithms Industrial Applications - Lakhmi C. Jain , N.M. Martin
Kalman Filtering and Neural Networks - Simon Haykin
Machine Learning, Neural And Statistical Classification - Cc Taylor
Methods and Procedures for the Verification and Validation of Artificial Neural Networks - Brian J. Taylor
Neural Networks - A Comprehensive Foundation - Simon Haykin
Neural Networks Algorithms, Applications,and Programming Techniques - James A. Freeman
Programming Neural Networks in Java - JeffHeaton
RECENT ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS Design and Applications - Lakhmi Jain
Recurrent Neural Networks Design And Applications - L.R. Medsker
Static and Dynamic Neural Networks From Fundamentals to Advanced Theory - Madan M. Gupta, Liang Jin, Noriyasu Homma
The Handbook Of Brain Theory And Neural Networks 2Nd Ed - Michael A Arbib
Soft Computing :
Foundations Of Soft Case-based Reasoning - SANKAR K. PAL
Intelligent Control Systems Using Soft Computing Methodologies - Ali Zilouchian
Learning And Soft Computing - Support Vector Machines, Neural Networks, And Fuzzy Logic Models - Vojislav Kecman
Wednesday, February 25, 2009
TOEFL Skill for The Paper Test
Keywords:
English Score
Section One: Listening Comprehension
The Listening Part A Questions
Strategies
Skill 1: Focus on the second line
Skill 2: Choose answers with synonyms
Skill 3: Avoid similar sounds
Who, What, Where
Skill 4: Draw conclusions about who, what, where
Skill 5: Listen for who and what in passives
Skill 6: Listen for who and what with multiple nouns
Negatives
Skill 7: Listen for negative expressions
Skill 8: Listen for double negative expressions
Skill 9: Listen for "almost negative" expressions
SKILL 10: Listen for negatives with comparatives
Functions
Skill 11: Listen for expressions of agreement
Skill 12: Listen for expressions of uncertainty and suggestion
Skill 13: Listen for emphatic expressions of surprise
Contrary Meanings
Skill 14: Listen for wishes
Skill 15: Listen for untrue conditions
Idiomatic Language
Skill 16: Listen for two- and three-part verbs
Skill 17: Listen for idioms
The Listening Part B Questions
Before Listening
Skill 18: Anticipate the topics
Skill 19: Anticipate the questions
While Listening
Skill 20: Determine the topic
Skill 21: Draw conclusions about who, what, when, where
Skill 22: Listen for answers in order
The Listening Part C Questions
Before Listening
Skill 23: Anticipate the topics
Skill 24: Anticipate the questions
While Listening
Skill 25: Determine the topic
Skill 26: Draw conclusions about who, what, when, where
Skill 27: Listen for answers in order
Section Two: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
Sentences with One Clause
Skill 1: Be sure the sentence has a subject and a verb
Skill 2: Be careful of objects of prepositions
Skill 3: Be careful of appositives
Skill 4: Be careful of present participles
Skill 5: Be careful of past participles
Sentences with Multiple Clauses
Skill 6: Use coordinate connectors correctly
Skill 7: Use adverb time and cause connectors correctly
Skill 8: Use other adverb connectors correctly
More Sentences with Multiple Clauses
Skill 9: Use noun clause connectors correctly
Skill 10: Use noun clause connector/subjects correctly
Skill 11: Use adjective clause connectors correctly
Skill 12: Use adjective clause connector/subjects correctly
Sentences with Reduced Clauses
Skill 13: Use reduced adjective clauses correctly
Skill 14: Use reduced adverb clauses correctly
Sentences with Inverted Subjects and Verbs
Skill 15: Invert the subject and verb with question words
Skill 16: Invert the subject and verb with place expressions
Skill 17: Invert the subject and verb with negatives
Skill 18: Invert the subject and verb with conditionals
Skill 19: Invert the subject and verb with comparisons
The Written Expression Questions
Problems with Subject/Verb Agreement
Skill 20: Make verbs agree after prepositional phrases
Skill 21: Make verbs agree after expressions of quantity
Skill 22: Make inverted verbs agree
Skill 23: Make verbs agree after certain words
Problems with Parallel Structure
Skill 24: Use parallel structure with coordinate conjunctions
Skill 25: Use parallel structure with paired conjunctions
Skill 26: Use parallel structure with comparisons
Problems with Comparatives and Superlatives
Skill 27: Form comparatives and superlatives correctly
Skill 28: Use comparatives and superlatives correctly
Skill 29: Use the irregular -er, -er structure correctly
Problems with the Form of the Verb
Skill 30: After have, use the past participle
Skill 31: After be, use the present participle or the past participle
Skill 32: After will, would, or other modals, use the base form of the verb
Problems with the Use of the Verb
Skill 33: Know when to use the past with the present
Skill 34: Use have and had correctly
Skill 35: Use the correct tense with time expressions
Skill 36: Use the correct tense with will and would
Problems with Passive Verbs
Skill 37: Use the correct form of the passive
Skill 38: Recognize active and passive meanings
Problems with Nouns
Skill 39: Use the correct singular or plural noun
Skill 40: Distinguish countable and uncountable nouns
Skill 41: Recognize irregular plurals of nouns
Skill 42: Distinguish the person from the thing
Problems with Pronouns
Skill 43: Distinguish subject and object pronouns
Skill 44: Distinguish possessive adjectives and pronouns
Skill 45: Check pronoun reference for agreement
Problems with Adjectives and Adverbs
Skill 46: Use basic adjectives and adverbs correctly
Skill 47: Use adjectives after linking verbs
Skill 48: Position adjectives and adverbs correctly
More Problems with Adjectives
Skill 49: Recognize -ly adjectives
Skill 50: Use predicate adjectives correctly
Skill 51: Use -ed and -ing adjectives correctly
Problems with Articles
Skill 52: Use articles with singular nouns
Skill 53: Distinguish a and an
Skill 54: Make articles agree with nouns
Skill 55: Distinguish specific and general ideas
Problems with Prepositions
Skill 56: Recognize incorrect prepositions
Skill 57: Recognize when prepositions have been omitted
Problems with Usage
Skill 58: Distinguish make and do
Skill 59: Distinguish like, alike, unlike and dislike
Skill 60: Distinguish other, another, and others
Section Three: READING COMPREHENSION
Questions about the Ideas of the Passage
Skill 1: Answer main idea questions correctly
Skill 2: Recognize the organization of ideas
Directly Answered Questions
Skill 3: Answer stated detail questions correctly
Skill 4: Find "unstated" details
Skill 5: Find pronoun referents
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 3–5)
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1–5)
Indirectly Answered Questions
Skill 6: Answer implied detail questions correctly
Skill 7: Answer transition questions correctly
Vocabulary Questions
Skill 8: Find definitions from structural clues
Skill 9: Determine meanings from word parts
Skill 10: Use context to determine meanings of difficult words
Skill 11: Use context to determine meanings of simple words
Overall Review Questions
Skill 12: Determine where specific information is found
Skill 13: Determine the tone, purpose, or course
Section Four: Test of Written English (TWE)
Before Writing
Skill 1: Decode the topic
Skill 2: Develop supporting ideas
While Writing
Skill 3: Write the introductory paragraph
Skill 4: Write unified supporting paragraphs
Skill 5: Write the concluding paragraph
Skill 6: Connect the supporting paragraphs in the essay
After Writing
Skill 7: Edit sentence structure
7A Simple sentence structure
7B Compound sentence structure
7C Complex sentence structure
Skill 8: Edit written expression
8A Inversions and agreement
8B Parallel, comparative, and superlative structures
8C Verbs
8D Nouns and pronouns
8E Adjectives and adverbs
8F Prepositions and usage
The Listening Part A Questions
Strategies
Skill 1: Focus on the second line
Skill 2: Choose answers with synonyms
Skill 3: Avoid similar sounds
Who, What, Where
Skill 4: Draw conclusions about who, what, where
Skill 5: Listen for who and what in passives
Skill 6: Listen for who and what with multiple nouns
Negatives
Skill 7: Listen for negative expressions
Skill 8: Listen for double negative expressions
Skill 9: Listen for "almost negative" expressions
SKILL 10: Listen for negatives with comparatives
Functions
Skill 11: Listen for expressions of agreement
Skill 12: Listen for expressions of uncertainty and suggestion
Skill 13: Listen for emphatic expressions of surprise
Contrary Meanings
Skill 14: Listen for wishes
Skill 15: Listen for untrue conditions
Idiomatic Language
Skill 16: Listen for two- and three-part verbs
Skill 17: Listen for idioms
The Listening Part B Questions
Before Listening
Skill 18: Anticipate the topics
Skill 19: Anticipate the questions
While Listening
Skill 20: Determine the topic
Skill 21: Draw conclusions about who, what, when, where
Skill 22: Listen for answers in order
The Listening Part C Questions
Before Listening
Skill 23: Anticipate the topics
Skill 24: Anticipate the questions
While Listening
Skill 25: Determine the topic
Skill 26: Draw conclusions about who, what, when, where
Skill 27: Listen for answers in order
Section Two: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
Sentences with One Clause
Skill 1: Be sure the sentence has a subject and a verb
Skill 2: Be careful of objects of prepositions
Skill 3: Be careful of appositives
Skill 4: Be careful of present participles
Skill 5: Be careful of past participles
Sentences with Multiple Clauses
Skill 6: Use coordinate connectors correctly
Skill 7: Use adverb time and cause connectors correctly
Skill 8: Use other adverb connectors correctly
More Sentences with Multiple Clauses
Skill 9: Use noun clause connectors correctly
Skill 10: Use noun clause connector/subjects correctly
Skill 11: Use adjective clause connectors correctly
Skill 12: Use adjective clause connector/subjects correctly
Sentences with Reduced Clauses
Skill 13: Use reduced adjective clauses correctly
Skill 14: Use reduced adverb clauses correctly
Sentences with Inverted Subjects and Verbs
Skill 15: Invert the subject and verb with question words
Skill 16: Invert the subject and verb with place expressions
Skill 17: Invert the subject and verb with negatives
Skill 18: Invert the subject and verb with conditionals
Skill 19: Invert the subject and verb with comparisons
The Written Expression Questions
Problems with Subject/Verb Agreement
Skill 20: Make verbs agree after prepositional phrases
Skill 21: Make verbs agree after expressions of quantity
Skill 22: Make inverted verbs agree
Skill 23: Make verbs agree after certain words
Problems with Parallel Structure
Skill 24: Use parallel structure with coordinate conjunctions
Skill 25: Use parallel structure with paired conjunctions
Skill 26: Use parallel structure with comparisons
Problems with Comparatives and Superlatives
Skill 27: Form comparatives and superlatives correctly
Skill 28: Use comparatives and superlatives correctly
Skill 29: Use the irregular -er, -er structure correctly
Problems with the Form of the Verb
Skill 30: After have, use the past participle
Skill 31: After be, use the present participle or the past participle
Skill 32: After will, would, or other modals, use the base form of the verb
Problems with the Use of the Verb
Skill 33: Know when to use the past with the present
Skill 34: Use have and had correctly
Skill 35: Use the correct tense with time expressions
Skill 36: Use the correct tense with will and would
Problems with Passive Verbs
Skill 37: Use the correct form of the passive
Skill 38: Recognize active and passive meanings
Problems with Nouns
Skill 39: Use the correct singular or plural noun
Skill 40: Distinguish countable and uncountable nouns
Skill 41: Recognize irregular plurals of nouns
Skill 42: Distinguish the person from the thing
Problems with Pronouns
Skill 43: Distinguish subject and object pronouns
Skill 44: Distinguish possessive adjectives and pronouns
Skill 45: Check pronoun reference for agreement
Problems with Adjectives and Adverbs
Skill 46: Use basic adjectives and adverbs correctly
Skill 47: Use adjectives after linking verbs
Skill 48: Position adjectives and adverbs correctly
More Problems with Adjectives
Skill 49: Recognize -ly adjectives
Skill 50: Use predicate adjectives correctly
Skill 51: Use -ed and -ing adjectives correctly
Problems with Articles
Skill 52: Use articles with singular nouns
Skill 53: Distinguish a and an
Skill 54: Make articles agree with nouns
Skill 55: Distinguish specific and general ideas
Problems with Prepositions
Skill 56: Recognize incorrect prepositions
Skill 57: Recognize when prepositions have been omitted
Problems with Usage
Skill 58: Distinguish make and do
Skill 59: Distinguish like, alike, unlike and dislike
Skill 60: Distinguish other, another, and others
Section Three: READING COMPREHENSION
Questions about the Ideas of the Passage
Skill 1: Answer main idea questions correctly
Skill 2: Recognize the organization of ideas
Directly Answered Questions
Skill 3: Answer stated detail questions correctly
Skill 4: Find "unstated" details
Skill 5: Find pronoun referents
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 3–5)
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1–5)
Indirectly Answered Questions
Skill 6: Answer implied detail questions correctly
Skill 7: Answer transition questions correctly
Vocabulary Questions
Skill 8: Find definitions from structural clues
Skill 9: Determine meanings from word parts
Skill 10: Use context to determine meanings of difficult words
Skill 11: Use context to determine meanings of simple words
Overall Review Questions
Skill 12: Determine where specific information is found
Skill 13: Determine the tone, purpose, or course
Section Four: Test of Written English (TWE)
Before Writing
Skill 1: Decode the topic
Skill 2: Develop supporting ideas
While Writing
Skill 3: Write the introductory paragraph
Skill 4: Write unified supporting paragraphs
Skill 5: Write the concluding paragraph
Skill 6: Connect the supporting paragraphs in the essay
After Writing
Skill 7: Edit sentence structure
7A Simple sentence structure
7B Compound sentence structure
7C Complex sentence structure
Skill 8: Edit written expression
8A Inversions and agreement
8B Parallel, comparative, and superlative structures
8C Verbs
8D Nouns and pronouns
8E Adjectives and adverbs
8F Prepositions and usage
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